American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) Certification Practice Test

What is often a sign of chronic adrenal insufficiency, also seen in Addison's disease?

1. Jaundice

2. Hyperpigmentation

3. Hyperthermia

4. Excessive sweating

The correct answer is: Hyperpigmentation

Chronic adrenal insufficiency, particularly in conditions such as Addison's disease, is characterized by hyperpigmentation of the skin. This hyperpigmentation occurs due to an increase in the production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which stimulates melanocytes in the skin to produce more melanin, leading to a darker pigmentation. This is often observed in areas of the skin that are exposed to friction, such as elbows, knees, and pressure points. The association of hyperpigmentation with adrenal insufficiency is a classic sign and is utilized in clinical assessments to help identify the condition. Other symptoms of Addison's disease may include fatigue, weight loss, and a decrease in blood pressure, but hyperpigmentation specifically stands out as a key indicator of chronic adrenal hormone deficiency.